RESUMO
To determine antimicrobial drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, we analyzed isolates from blood cultures of sick children residing in the West Bank before initiation of pneumococcal vaccination. Of 120 serotypes isolated, 50.8%, 73.3%, and 80.8% of the bacteremia cases could have been prevented by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Serotype 14 was the most drug-resistant serotype isolated.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Sangue/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Vacina Pneumocócica Conjugada Heptavalente , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/imunologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , VacinaçãoRESUMO
In this prospective study we compared the use of pernasal flocked swab samples with the use of nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples for the detection of respiratory viruses from 455 children less than 5 years of age. Overall, the sensitivity and the specificity of the pernasal flocked swab samples were 98.5% and 100%, respectively. The excellent sensitivity of the flocked swab samples in combination with the rapid means by which they may be collected makes them an alternative to NPA samples, whose collection is more invasive.
Assuntos
Nasofaringe/virologia , Nariz/virologia , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Virologia/métodos , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In the present study, we followed the CLSI procedure M40-A to evaluate three specimen transport systems [the new BD CultureSwab MaxV(+), the new Remel BactiSwab, and the Medical Wire & Equipment Transwab] for the survival of fastidious and nonfastidious organisms for 0, 6, 24, and 48 h at room temperature. BD CultureSwab MaxV(+) outperformed the other two swabs for the recovery of the three fastidious organisms, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria meningitidis for up to 48 h. Indeed, BD CultureSwab MaxV(+) maintained a constant number of viable H. influenzae and N. meningitidis for up to 48 h, and only a 2 log reduction was noted for N. gonorrhoeae, fulfilling the requirements of M40-A guidelines. However, unlike Remel BactiSwab and the Medical Wire & Equipment Transwab, which fulfilled the M40-A requirements for maintaining the viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae, BD CultureSwab MaxV(+) could not maintain the viability of S. pneumoniae reference or clinical strains past 6 h. Excellent overall sensitivity (98%) (95% confidence interval, 89.5 to 99.7) was observed when the BD CultureSwab MaxV(+) rectal swabs were compared to the "gold standard" stool cultures. Thus, the BD CultureSwab MaxV(+) rectal swab can be used when investigating gastrointestinal bacterial outbreaks or when health care providers face difficulties in obtaining stool samples, particularly from children.
